Arduino UNO is a very valuable addition in electronics that consists of a USB interface, 14 digital I/O pins(of which 6 Pins are used for PWM), 6 analog pins and an Atmega328 microcontroller. It also supports 3 communication protocols named Serial, I2C and SPI protocol.
The Arduino Uno is an open-source micro-controller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P micro-controller and developed by Arduino.cc.
The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.
The software used for writing, compiling & uploading code to Arduino boards is called Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which is free to download from Arduino Official Site.
It has an operating voltage of 5V while the input voltage may vary from 7V to 12V.
Arduino UNO has a maximum current rating of 40mA, so the load shouldn’t exceed this current rating or you may harm the board.
It comes with a crystal oscillator of 16MHz, which is its operating frequency.
Arduino Uno Pinout consists of 14 digital pins starting from D0 to D13
t also has 6 analog pins starting from A0 to A5.
It also has 1 Reset Pin, which is used to reset the board programmatically. In order to reset the board, we need to make this pin LOW.
It also has 6 Power Pins, which provide different voltage levels.
Out of 14 digital pins, 6 pins are used for generating PWM pulses of 8-Bit resolution. PWM pins in Arduino UNO are D3, D5, D6, D9, D10 and D11.
Apart from USB, a battery or AC to DC adopter can also be used to power the board.
Arduino Uno comes with a USB interface i.e. USB port is added on the board to develop serial communication with the computer.
Atmega328 microcontroller is placed on the board that comes with a number of features like timers, counters, interrupts, PWM, CPU, I/O pins and based on a 16MHz clock that helps in producing more frequency and number of instructions per cycle.
Arduino UNO comes with 3 types of memories associated with it, named:
Flash Memory: 32KB
SRAM: 2KB
EEPROM: 1KB
Arduino UNO supports 3 types of communication protocols, used for interfacing with third-party peripherals, named:
